Adds or overrides date mask patterns keyed by BCP-47 locale (e.g. de-CH).
Built-ins ship per-locale separators (de-* dots, fr-CH dots, sv-SE/lt-LT/
en-CA ISO, en-US/en-GB slashes, ...) for the date and datetime presets.
Resolution for date/datetime: exact locale (case-insensitive), then a
bare language key (so a language-keyed override like { sv: '...' } still
applies), then any same-language locale, then en-US.
Masks capture separators and group count only, NOT field order: en-US
(MM/DD) and en-GB (DD/MM) share 00/00/0000.
Tokens: 0 = required digit, separators are literals.
Does not feed date:short - that uses a separate built-in table.
Consumer entries merge per key and win on collision.